การใช้สมาร์ทโฟนเป็นอุปกรณ์ตรวจวัดทางสีสำหรับการหาปริมาณไอออนเหล็กในน้ำโดยใช้แอนโทไซยานินเป็นรีเอเจนต์
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Abstract
Waranphat Rattanakaroonjit, Rattapol Meelapsom, Saksri Supasorn and Purim Jarujamrus
รับบทความ: 24 มกราคม 2563; แก้ไขบทความ: 7 พฤษภาคม 2563; ยอมรับตีพิมพ์: 16 พฤษภาคม 2563
บทคัดย่อ
น้ำในธรรมชาติจะมีไอออนเหล็กละลายอยู่ เหล็กเป็นธาตุที่มีประโยชน์ต่อร่างกาย แต่หากเข้าสู่ร่างกายในปริมาณมากเกินไปจะก่อให้เกิดอันตรายต่อมนุษย์ได้ ดังนั้นหน่วยงานของภาครัฐที่เกี่ยวข้อง อาทิ องค์การอนามัยโลก รวมถึงกระทรวงสาธารณสุขและกรมทรัพยากรน้ำบาดาลได้กำหนดค่าความเข้มข้นมาตรฐาน (เกณฑ์กำหนดสูงสุด) เพื่อควบคุมปริมาณไอออนของเหล็กที่ปนเปื้อน การตรวจวิเคราะห์หาปริมาณไอออนเหล็กจึงมีความสำคัญ โดยวิธีการตรวจวิเคราะห์หาปริมาณไอออนเหล็กแบบมาตรฐานมีหลายวิธี เช่น เทคนิคทางสเปกโทรสโกปี และเทคนิคทางไฟฟ้าเคมีต่าง ๆ ซึ่งเทคนิคดังกล่าวมีสภาพไวโดยสามารถตรวจวัดได้ในระดับต่ำ ๆ และมีความจำเพาะเจาะจงสูง แต่มีข้อจำกัดคือยังต้องใช้เครื่องมือขั้นสูงที่มีราคาสูงและมีขั้นตอนที่ยุ่งยากที่ต้องอาศัยทักษะหรือผู้เชี่ยวชาญในการตรวจวิเคราะห์เชิงปริมาณ ปัจจุบันได้มีผู้วิจัยหลายกลุ่มมุ่งพัฒนาวิธีการวิเคราะห์เชิงปริมาณโดยใช้การวิเคราะห์ทางสีโดยการใช้สมาร์ทโฟนร่วมกับโปรแกรม ImageJ เพื่อลดข้อจำกัดด้านการใช้เครื่องมือขั้นสูงที่มีราคาสูงและลดขั้นตอนที่ยุ่งยากซับซ้อนโดยไม่ต้องอาศัยทักษะหรือผู้เชี่ยวชาญในการตรวจวิเคราะห์เชิงปริมาณ นอกจากนี้ยังใช้แอนโทไซยานินที่สกัดได้จากธรรมชาติเป็นรีเอเจนต์ทดแทนการใช้รีเอเจนต์ทางเคมีในการตรวจวิเคราะห์หาปริมาณไอออนเหล็กในน้ำตัวอย่างจริง ซึ่งในบทความวิจัยหลายบทความได้รายงานว่าการใช้สมาร์ทโฟนร่วมกับโปรแกรม ImageJ มีประสิทธิภาพเทียบเคียงกับวิธีมาตรฐาน และอาจสามารถประยุกต์ใช้สำหรับการทำปฏิบัติการการหาปริมาณโลหะหนักสำหรับวิชาเคมีระดับมัธยมศึกษาเพื่อเพิ่มโอกาสให้นักเรียนได้ลงมือทำปฏิบัติการอีกด้วย
คำสำคัญ: ไอออนเหล็ก แอนโทไซยานิน เคมีวิเคราะห์ สมาร์ทโฟน อุปกรณ์ตรวจวัดทางสี
Abstract
Iron ions can be found in water resources. Iron is a beneficial element for health, but excess iron ions are harmful to life. Therefore, involved government agencies, World Health Organization, Ministry of Public Health and Department of Groundwater Resources, have been stated the maximum acceptable concentration of contaminated iron ions for the water quality control. Conventional techniques such as spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques are utilized for routine analysis. Although, these techniques provide high sensitivity and selectivity for analysis, but still require expensive instruments and complicated procedure to operate advanced instruments along with an expert for quantitative analysis. Recently, an alternative method has been developed for quantitative analysis of iron ions in water using a smartphone coupled with ImageJ software as colorimetric analyzer. The developed method offers great potential with obvious advantages over the conventional techniques such as convenient, cost–effective, and suitable for unskilled user. In addition, anthocyanin extracted from natural sources was also used as the indicator instead of chemical reagents for the determination of iron ions. Moreover, smartphone–assisted colorimetric analysis of iron ions in water can provide reliable results that are comparable to those obtained from complicated laboratory advanced instruments and could possibly lead the development of hands on experiment for demonstrating students in high school.
Keywords: Iron ions, Anthocyanin, Analytical chemistry, Smartphone, Colorimetric analysis
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