ความแตกต่างในการหนีผู้ล่าของหอยโข่งพันธุ์พื้นเมืองและหอยเชอรี่ในประเทศไทย
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Abstract
Piyaruk Pradabphetrat, Sayam Aroonsrimorakot, Leopold Füreder, Colin Tosh and Chantima Piyapong
รับบทความ: 1 สิงหาคม 2559; ยอมรับตีพิมพ์: 2 กันยายน 2559
บทคัดย่อ
การหนีผู้ล่าเป็นลักษณะพฤติกรรมที่สำคัญชนิดหนึ่งที่นำไปสู่การประสบความสำเร็จในการรุกรานของชนิดพันธุ์ต่างถิ่น ในช่วงไม่กี่ทศวรรษที่ผ่านมาหอยเชอรี่ (Pomacea canaliculata) ถูกนำ เข้ามาในประเทศไทยโดยความตั้งใจ ซึ่งการนำเข้ามาหอยเชอรี่นำไปสู่การลดลงของความหลากหลายทางชีวภาพ โดยเฉพาะหอยโข่งพันธุ์พื้นเมือง (Pila spp.) ตลอดจนรบกวนการทำงานของระบบนิเวศ ดังนั้นเพื่อประเมินว่าพฤติกรรมที่แตกต่างในการหนีผู้ล่าอาจเป็นกลไกที่มีผลต่อความสำเร็จในการรุกรานของหอยเชอรี่ซึ่งเป็นชนิดพันธุ์ต่างถิ่น จึงศึกษาพฤติกรรมการหนีผู้ล่าของหอยโข่งพันธุ์พื้นเมือง(Pila pesmei) และหอยเชอรี่ (Po. canaliculata) ต่อสื่อทางเคมีจากปลาหมอไทย (Anabas testudineus) โดยพบว่าหอยทั้ง 2 ชนิดตอบสนองต่อสื่อทางเคมีของปลาหมอไทยโดยหนีไปอยู่ที่ด้านล่างของตู้ทดลอง อย่างไรก็ตามหอยโข่งพันธุ์พื้นเมืองไม่มีการหนีผู้ล่าในช่วงเริ่มต้นการทดลอง แต่มีการหนีผู้ล่าหลังจาก 30 นาทีถึง 60 นาทีของการทดลอง ในขณะที่หอยเชอรี่แสดงการหนีผู้ล่าตั้งแต่ 30 นาทีแรกของการทดลองจนถึง 60 นาทีของการทดลอง ผลการศึกษานี้แสดงให้เห็นว่าชนิดพันธุ์ต่างถิ่นที่รุกรานแสดงพฤติกรรมการหนีผู้ล่าดีกว่าชนิดพันธุ์พื้นเมือง จึงทำให้หอยเชอรี่กลายเป็นชนิดพันธุ์ที่ประสบความสำเร็จในการตั้งถิ่นฐานและส่งผลกระทบต่อประชากรของชนิดพันธุ์พื้นเมือง
คำสำคัญ: ผู้ล่า การหนี ชนิดพันธุ์พื้นเมือง ชนิดพันธุ์ต่างถิ่น ชนิดพันธุ์รุกราน
Abstract
Predator avoidance is considered to be an important behavioral trait leading to successful invasions of non-native species. In the past few decades, the invasive apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) was intentionally introduced into Thailand. Since its introduction, it has led a decline in biodiversity, especially native apple snails (Pila spp.), as well as disturbing the functioning of ecosystems. To evaluate whether behavioral differences in predator avoidance might be an underlying mechanism affecting invasion success of the non-native apple snail, we examined the predator avoidance behavior of the native apple snail (Pila pesmei) and the invasive apple snail (Po. canaliculata) to chemical cues from the climbing perch (Anabas testudineus). We found that both apple snails’ species responded to fish chemical cues by going to the bottom. However, Pi. pesmei did not begin avoiding predator chemical cues until after 30 min into the treatments while Po. canaliculata showed avoidance to predator chemical cues within the first 30 min up to 60 min of the trial. These results suggest that the non-native invasive species exhibited better predator avoidance behavior than native species and this understanding may help explain why invasive apple snails have become successfully established species and impacted native apple snail populations.
Keywords: Predator, Avoidance, Native species, Non-native species, Invasive species
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