Postpartum Depression and Its Predicting Factors at One Month after Birth in Indonesian Women

Abstract

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and examine its predictors including childcare stress, marital satisfaction, self-esteem, life stress, social support, family income, and baby gender preference at one month after birth in Indonesia. Method: A predictive correlational study was performed with a cluster sampling of 283 postpartum mothers who met criteria. Research instruments included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Dyad Adjustment Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Life Events Questionnaire, Childcare Stress Inventory, the Postpartum Support Questionnaire, and baby gender preference questionnaire. This study was conducted from January 2016 to March 2016 in 4 primary health care centers in Jarkata, Indonesia. Descriptive statistics  and a linear  regression were performed for data analysis. Results: The prevalence of PPD was 18.37%. Childcare stress, marital satisfaction, life stress, self- esteem and attitude toward baby’s gender could explain 36.0% of the variance in PPD at one month after birth (R² = 0.360, F = 17.087, P <  0.001). Childcare stress explained the most variance in PPD (b = 0.277, P < 0.001), followed by life stress (b = 0.218, P < 0.001), marital satisfaction (b = -0.211, P < 0.001), self-esteem (b = -0.138, P < 0.05), and attitude to not accepted toward baby’s gender (b = 0.131, P < 0.05). Conclusion: PPD in Indonesian women was 18.37% and could be predicted by various factors. These results could be used to employ a screening for and develop nursing intervention to reduce postpartum depression. Keywords: postpartum depression, childcare stress, marital satisfaction, self-esteem, Indonesia