Factors Influencing Eating Behaviors among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Sidoarjo Sub-district, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Objectives: To describe and examine predictive factors toward eatingbehaviors among type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: A simple randomsampling was conducted to recruit 117 diabetes patients from Sidoarjo subdistrict.Data were collected from January to February, 2015. Descriptivestatistics and stepwise multiple regression were used for data analysis.Results: Type 2 diabetes patients’ eating behaviors, monthly income offamily, self-efficacy, psychological stress, and family support were inmoderate levels (means with standard deviations of 75.44  10.58,1,746,846.15  521,828.66, 60.88  6.30, 42.59  5.77, and 55.38  13.83,respectively), while educational level and knowledge were in high level(12.43  2.45 and 12.08  2.29, respectively), and healthcare workercommunication was in sufficient level (33.42  5.34). Self-efficacy (β = 0.36,P < .001), family support (β = 0.31, P < .001), monthly income of family (β= 0.24, P < 0.001), and psychological stress (β = -0.18, P < 0.01) weresignificant predictors of eating behaviors and accounted for 66.5% in thevariance of eating behaviors (R² = 0.665, F(4,112) = 55.63, P < 0.001).Educational level, knowledge, and healthcare worker communication werenot significant predictors of eating behaviors. Conclusion: Self-efficacy,family support, family monthly income, and psychological stress predictedeating behaviors. Program aiming at increasing self-efficacy, motivatingfamily support, decreasing psychological stress and also providinginformation related to food consumption behavior in everyday life to suit theincome of the family should be developed.Keywords: eating behaviors, self-efficacy, family support,psychological stress, type 2 diabetes patients