ความชุกและปัจจัยทำนายของโรคโลหิตจางหลังคลอดในมารดาหลังคลอด ที่โรงพยาบาล Nyangabwe เมืองฟรานซิสทาวน์ ประเทศบอตสวานา Prevalence and Predicting Factors of Postpartum Anemia Among Postpartum Mothers at Nyangabwe Referral Hospital, Francistown, Botswana

Authors

  • Malebogo Queen Nthusang Faculty of Nursing, Burapha University
  • Punyarat Lapvongwatana Faculty of Nursing, Burapha University
  • Tatirat Tachasuksri Faculty of Nursing, Burapha University

Abstract

ภ บทคัดย่อ วัตถุประสงค์: เพื่อสำรวจความชุกและปัจจัยทำนายภาวะโลหิตจางของมารดาหลังคลอด โรงพยาบาลส่งต่อแนงแกบวี ฟรานซีสทาวน์ บอสวาน่า ปัจจัยทางชีววิทยา (การติดเชื้อเอชไอวี) ปัจจัยทางจิตใจ (ความเครียด) และปัจจัยทางสังคม (การรับประทานอาหารที่มีธาตุเหล็ก ผลิตภัณฑ์เสริมธาตุเหล็กและโฟลิก อาหารต้องห้าม (Food Taboo) และสิ่งที่ไม่ใช่อาหาร (Pica) วิธีการศึกษา: การศึกษาแบบภาคตัดขวางในมารดาหลังคลอดจำนวน 385 ราย ด้วยวิธีการคัดเลือกกลุ่มตัวอย่างแบบสะดวกในเดือนกุมภาพันธ์ถึงมีนาคม พ.ศ. 2567 เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัยนี้ประกอบด้วย แบบสอบถามที่ผู้วิจัยสร้างขึ้น และแบบวัดการรับรู้ความเครียด วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยใช้ค่าเฉลี่ย ความถี่ และสัดส่วน หาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างตัวแปรต้นและตัวแปรตามด้วยค่าไคว์สแคว์ และหาปัจจัยทำนายด้วยการวิเคราะห์ถดถอยโลจิสติค ผลการศึกษา: ความชุกของภาวะโลหิตจางในมารดาหลังคลอดเท่ากับ ร้อยละ 51.4 (95% CI: 46.5% - 56.4%) ปัจจัยทำนายภาวะโลหิตจางของมารดาหลังคลอดอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติประกอบด้วย การติดเชื้อเอชไอวี (AOR=4.57, 95% CI: 2.41 - 8.67) การรับประทานผลิตภัณฑ์เสริมธาตุเหล็กและโฟลิกไม่สม่ำเสมอ (AOR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.29 - 3.68) และการรับประทานสิ่งที่ไม่ใช่อาหาร (Pica) ในระหว่างตั้งครรภ์ (AOR=4.39, 95% CI: 2.67 - 7.23) สรุป: ความชุกของภาวะโลหิตจางในมารดาหลังคลอดพบประมาณครึ่งหนึ่งของกลุ่มตัวอย่าง โดยปัจจัยทำนายภาวะโลหิตจางในระยะหลังคลอดประกอบด้วยการติดเชื้อเอชไอวี การรับประทานผลิตภัณฑ์เสริมธาตุเหล็กและโฟลิกไม่สม่ำเสมอ และการรับประทานสิ่งที่ไม่ใช่อาหาร ดังนั้นการลดการติดเชื้อเอชไอวี การประทานผลิตภัณฑ์เสริมธาตุเหล็กและโฟลิกอย่างสม่ำเสมอ และการป้องกันการรับประทานสิ่งที่ไม่ใช่อาหาร ในขณะตั้งครรภ์ สามารถป้องกันผลกระทบจากภาวะโลหิตจางของมารดาหลังคลอดได้ คำสำคัญ: ภาวะโลหิตจางในระยะหลังคลอด; การติดเชื้อเอชไอวี; ผลิตภัณฑ์เสริมธาตุเหล็กและโฟลิก; สิ่งที่ไม่ใช่อาหาร; บอสวาน่า  Abstract Objective: This study aims to explore the prevalence and the predicting factors of PPA in postpartum mothers from Nyangabwe Referral Hospital, Francistown, Botswana. The predicting factors of interest include biological factors (HIV positive status), psychological factors (stress) and social factors (Dietary intake of food rich in iron, adherence to Iron Folic Acid (IFA) supplements, food taboos and pica). Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 postpartum mothers with a convenience sampling technique during February to March 2024. The instruments were a pre-tested researcher designed structured questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Descriptive analysis was done using means, frequency, and proportions. Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of PPA. Results: The overall prevalence of PPA was estimated at 51.4% (95% CI: 46.5% - 56.4%). HIV-positive status (AOR=4.57, 95% CI: 2.41 - 8.67), poor adherence to IFA supplements (AOR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.29 - 3.68), and practiced PICA during pregnancy (AOR= 4.39, 95% CI: 2.67 - 7.23) could statistically predict PPA. Conclusion: The prevalence of PPA was about a half the samples and HIV positive, poor adherence to IFA, and practice pica were significant predicting factors of PPA among women in Botswana.  Suggesting the need for interventions to reduce HIV infection in childbearing women, encouraging the importance of adhering to IFA supplements and promoting nutritional health education to prevent pica practices during pregnancy and postpartum periods hence prevent consequences of PPA. Keywords: Postpartum anemia; HIV; IFA supplements; Pica; Botswana.

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Author Biographies

Punyarat Lapvongwatana, Faculty of Nursing, Burapha University

Associate Professor  Maternal Nursing and Midwifery Faculty of Nursing, Burapha University, Mueang Chon Buri, 20131, Thailand

Tatirat Tachasuksri, Faculty of Nursing, Burapha University

Associate Professor Maternal Nursing and Midwifery Faculty of Nursing, Burapha University, Mueang Chon Buri, 20131, Thailand  

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Published

2025-03-30