การคัดกรองเบื้องต้นเพื่อหาเชื้อราสาเหตุโรคพืชสำหรับใช้เป็นสิ่งควบคุมโดยชีววิธีของผักตบชวา (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms)
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Abstract
Chawin Asavasaetakul and Krieng Kanchanawatee*
รับบทความ: 10 กรกฎาคม 2564; แก้ไขบทความ: 29 กรกฎาคม 2564; ยอมรับตีพิมพ์: 31 กรกฎาคม 2564; ตีพิมพ์ออนไลน์: 12 ตุลาคม 2564
บทคัดย่อ
การควบคุมโดยชีววิธีเป็นวิธีการที่ทั่วโลกยอมรับว่าเป็นวิธีจัดการผักตบชวา (Eichhornia crassipes) ที่มีความคุ้มค่าและนำไปใช้ได้จริง แต่การศึกษาวิจัยในเรื่องดังกล่าวมีอยู่อย่างจำกัดในประเทศไทย โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งการคัดกรองเพื่อหาสิ่งควบคุมโดยชีววิธีชนิดใหม่ ผู้วิจัยได้สุ่มเก็บตัวอย่าง E. crassipes ที่แสดงอาการของโรคจาก 2 แหล่ง และแยกเชื้อราออกจากตัวอย่างได้ทั้งหมด 14 ไอโซเลต นำเชื้อราที่ได้เข้าสู่ใบ E. crassipes ที่ปราศจากโรคผ่านทางบาดแผลหรือไม่ผ่านบาดแผลเป็นเวลา 7 วัน ผู้วิจัยพบว่าเชื้อรา Alternaria sp. ไอโซเลต WH–06 มีความรุนแรงในการก่อโรคมากที่สุด โดยเชื้อรา Alternaria sp. ไอโซเลต WH–06 สามารถทำให้เกิดอาการของโรคที่เหมือนกันระหว่างการทดสอบบนใบที่ถูกและไม่ถูกตัดจากต้น อาการของโรคประกอบด้วยเนื้อเยื่อตายสีดำและสีน้ำตาลที่ล้อมรอบด้วยวงสีเหลืองที่เกิดจากภาวะพร่องคลอโรฟิลล์ (chlorosis) เมื่อศึกษาวิจัยต่อไปคาดว่าเชื้อรา Alternaria sp. ไอโซเลต WH–06 มีศักยภาพที่จะใช้เป็นสิ่งควบคุมโดยชีววิธีที่มีประสิทธิภาพ โดยมีความเป็นไปได้ที่จะใช้เชื้อราชนิดนี้ผ่านการจัดการศัตรูพืชแบบผสมผสาน (integrated pest management) ร่วมกับแมลงที่สามารถกิน E. crassipes ได้
คำสำคัญ: ผักตบชวา เชื้อราสาเหตุโรคพืช การควบคุมโดยชีววิธี ศัตรูพืชทางน้ำ
Abstract
Biological control is globally recognized as a cost–effective and practical management mechanism of water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, but limited research has been done in Thailand, especially for screening novel biological control agents. We collected the diseased E. crassipes from two sampling sites where 14 fungal isolates were isolated. Unwounded and wounded inoculation was conducted on healthy E. crassipes leaves in a controlled environment. Seven days after inoculation, we found that the Alternaria sp. isolate WH–06 was the most virulent isolate. Alternaria sp. isolate WH–06 was able to produce similar disease symptoms between the detached leaves and whole plants. The symptoms included black and brown necrotic tissues surrounded by a yellow halo of chlorosis. With further studies, Alternaria sp. isolate WH-06 has the potential to be an effective biological control agent, possibly through integrated pest management with E. crassipes feeding insects.
Keywords: Water hyacinth, Phytopathogenic fungi, Biological control, Aquatic pest
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