ปัจจัยตามแบบจำลองเชิงนิเวศวิทยาที่มีอิทธิพลต่อพฤติกรรมการแปรงฟันอย่างสะอาดโดยผู้ดูแลให้เด็กอายุ 9–18 เดือน ในชุมชนมุสลิม จังหวัดปัตตานี
Ecological Factors Influencing Caregivers’ Effective Toothbrushing Behavior for Children Aged 9–18 Months in a Muslim Community, Pattani Province
Keywords:
ผู้ดูแลเด็ก, พฤติกรรมการแปรงฟัน, ชุมชนมุสลิม, แบบจำลองเชิงนิเวศวิทยา, Child caregivers, Toothbrushing behavior, Muslim community, Ecological modelAbstract
วัตถุประสงค์: เพื่อศึกษาสัดส่วนการแปรงฟัน ระดับคราบจุลินทรีย์ และปัจจัยที่มีอิทธิพลต่อพฤติกรรมการแปรงฟันอย่างสะอาดของผู้ดูแลเด็กอายุ 9-18 เดือน ในชุมชนมุสลิม อำเภอโคกโพธิ์ จังหวัดปัตตานี โดยประยุกต์ใช้แบบจำลองเชิงนิเวศวิทยา วิธีการ: การศึกษาเชิงวิเคราะห์แบบตัดขวางในคู่ผู้ดูแลและเด็กจำนวน 214 คู่ ซึ่งได้จากการสุ่ม ตัวอย่างแบบชั้นภูมิ เก็บข้อมูลเดือนกุมภาพันธ์-เมษายน 2564 เครื่องมือวิจัยประกอบด้วย แบบสัมภาษณ์ แบบสังเกตการแปรงฟัน และการตรวจระดับคราบจุลินทรีย์ วิเคราะห์ปัจจัยด้วยสถิติถดถอยโลจิสติกแบบไบนารี โดยกำหนดเกณฑ์แปรงฟันอย่างสะอาด ประยุกต์จาก Simplified Oral Hygiene Index คือ มีค่าเฉลี่ยระดับคราบจุลินทรีย์ไม่เกิน 1 ศึกษาปัจจัยประยุกต์ใช้แบบจำลองเชิงนิเวศวิทยา 4 ระดับ ได้แก่ ปัจจัยภายในบุคคล ปัจจัยระหว่างบุคคล ปัจจัยองค์กร และปัจจัยชุมชน ผลการศึกษา: ผู้ดูแลส่วนใหญ่เป็นเพศหญิง (ร้อยละ 94.4) เป็นบิดามารดา (ร้อยละ 83.2) แปรงฟันให้เด็กทุกวัน 2 ครั้งขึ้นไปเพียงร้อยละ 28.3 เด็กมีคราบจุลินทรีย์ร้อยละ 68.7 ปัจจัยที่มีอิทธิพลต่อพฤติกรรมการแปรงฟันสะอาดอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ ได้แก่ ปัจจัยภายในบุคคล คือ การแปรงฟันครอบคลุมทุกซี่ (OR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.14-8.60) และการตรวจฟันให้เด็ก (OR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.10-5.48) ปัจจัยระหว่างบุคคล คือ การช่วยเหลือของคนในครอบครัว (OR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.19-5.52) แต่ไม่พบความสัมพันธ์อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติของปัจจัยระดับองค์กร และระดับชุมชน สรุป: ผู้ดูแลเด็กในชุมชนมุสลิมยังแปรงฟันไม่สม่ำเสมอและไม่สะอาด ปัจจัยความสำเร็จขึ้นอยู่กับ ทักษะการแปรงฟันให้ทั่วถึง การตรวจฟันให้เด็ก และการสนับสนุนจากครอบครัว จึงควรเน้นการฝึกทักษะปฏิบัติเน้นเชิงคุณภาพของความสะอาดและการมีส่วนร่วมของสมาชิกในครอบครัว และควรมีนโยบายเพื่อสร้างความเข้มแข็งในการปรับเปลี่ยนทั้งระดับบุคคลและครอบครัว และส่งเสริมการเกื้อหนุนต่อกันเพิ่มขึ้น /Objectives: To investigate toothbrushing proportion, plaque levels, and factors influencing effective toothbrushing behavior among caregivers of children aged 9–18 months in a Muslim community, Khokpho District, Pattani Province, by applying the Ecological Model. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 214 caregiver-child pairs selected through stratified random sampling. Data collection occurred from February to April 2021 using structured interviews, toothbrushing observation forms, and plaque assessments. Binary logistic regression analysis identified influencing factors. The criteria for clean brushing are adapted from the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, meaning the average plaque score ≤ 1. The ecological model examined factors at four levels: intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, and community. Results: The majority of caregivers were female (94.4%) and parents (83.2%). Only 28.3% brushed their children's teeth twice or more daily. Dental plaque was present in 68.7% of children. Factors significantly associated with clean toothbrushing included intrapersonal factors: brushing all tooth surfaces (OR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.14-8.60) and dental examination (OR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.10-5.48); and interpersonal factors: family assistance (OR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.19-5.52). No significant associations were found with organizational or community-level factors. Conclusion: Caregivers in this Southern Muslim community demonstrated inconsistent and inadequate toothbrushing practices. Success factors depend on comprehensive brushing skills, dental examinations, and family support. Interventions should emphasize quality-focused practical skill training and family member participation. Policies should strengthen capacity for behavioral change at individual and family levels while promoting increased mutual support.Downloads
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เจ้าของบทความต้องมอบลิขสิทธิ์ในการตีพิมพ์แก่วิทยาสาร โดยเขียนเป็นลายลักษณ์อักษรแนบมาพร้อมบทความที่ส่งมาตีพิมพ์ ตามแบบฟอร์ม "The cover letter format" รวมทั้งต้องมีลายมือชื่อของผู้เขียนทุกท่านรับรองว่าบทความดังกล่าวส่งมาตีพิมพ์ที่วิทยาสารนี้แห่งเดียวเท่านั้น