บทบาทของการรักษาด้วยยาต้านเกล็ดเลือด 2 ชนิด (dual antiplatelet therapy) ในผู้ป่วยภาวะหลอดเลือดสมองขาดเลือดที่ไม่ได้เกิดจากสิ่งหลุดจากหัวใจ (noncardioembolic ischemic stroke) และภาวะหลอดเลือดสมองขาดเลือดชั่วคราว (transient ischemic attack)

Authors

  • Thummarin Saengarun Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University
  • Charoen Treesak Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University

Abstract

บทคัดย่อ ยาต้านเกล็ดเลือด (antiplatelet) โดยเฉพาะยา aspirin มีบทบาทสำคัญสำหรับป้องกันการเกิดโรคหลอดเลือดสมองซ้ำ (recurrent ischemic stroke) ในผู้ป่วยภาวะหลอดเลือดสมองขาดเลือดที่ไม่ได้เกิดจากสิ่งหลุดจากหัวใจ (noncardioembolic ischemic stroke; NCIS) หรือภาวะหลอดเลือดสมองขาดเลือดชั่วคราว (transient ischemic attack; TIA) ทั้งในระยะเฉียบพลัน (acute treatment) และระยะการป้องกันทุติยภูมิ (secondary prevention) สำหรับบทบาทของการใช้ยาต้านเกล็ดเลือด 2 ชนิด (dual antiplatelet therapy; DAPT) ปัจจุบันแนวทางเวชปฏิบัติแนะนำให้สามารถใช้ aspirin ร่วมกับ clopidogrel หรือ ticagrelor แบบระยะสั้น (short-term treatment) ในผู้ป่วย NCIS และ TIA บางกลุ่ม ส่วนการรักษาในช่วง secondary prevention เป็นการใช้ DAPT แบบระยะยาว (long-term treatment) สามารถใช้ aspirin ร่วมกับ dipyridamole เป็นยาทางเลือกของการใช้ aspirin หรือ clopidogrel เพียงชนิดเดียว โดยเฉพาะผู้ที่ต้องการประโยชน์ในการป้องกันการเกิดภาวะหลอดเลือดอุดตัน และการใช้ aspirin หรือ clopidogrel ร่วมกับ cilostazol อาจพิจารณาในผู้ป่วยที่มีความเสี่ยงสูงในการเกิด recurrent ischemic stroke โดยบทความวิชาการนี้รวบรวมและสรุปบทบาทการใช้ DAPT ในผู้ป่วย NCIS หรือ TIA จากแนวทางเวชปฏิบัติทั้งในประเทศไทยและต่างประเทศและการศึกษาทางคลินิกที่สำคัญ ซึ่งได้รับการเผยแพร่จนถึงปี พ.ศ. 2567 เพื่อสนับสนุนและสร้างความมั่นใจให้บุคลากรทางการแพทย์สามารถเลือกใช้ DAPT ในข้อบ่งใช้ของการป้องกัน recurrent ischemic stroke ได้อย่างเหมาะสม คำสำคัญ: แอสไพริน; ไซลอสตาซอล; โคลพิโดเกรล; ไดไพริดาโมล; การรักษาด้วยยาต้านเกล็ดเลือด 2 ชนิด; ภาวะหลอดเลือดสมองขาดเลือด; ไทคากรีลอร์; ภาวะหลอดเลือดสมองขาดเลือดชั่วคราว Abstract Antiplatelet drugs especially aspirin have a major role in preventing recurrent ischemic stroke) in patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke (NCIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) either as acute treatment or secondary prevention. For the role of dual dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), clinical guidelines recommend aspirin combined with clopidogrelor ticagrelor in a short-term treatment in patients with NCIS and TIA. For secondary prevention, DAPT for long-term treatment is recommended with the use of aspirin with dipyridamole as an alternative of aspirin or clopidogrel alone especially for patients requiring the prevention of thrombosis. The use of aspirin with cilostazl or clopidogrel with cilostazol could be considered optional for patients with a high risk of recurrent ischemic stroke. In this continuing pharmacy education (CPE) article, we identifed relevant studies and guidelines including Thailand and international clinical guidelines which habe been publsihed up to the end of 2024. We clarified recommendations for the use of DAPT in patients with NCIS or TIA so that healthcare providers could be more confident in the use of appropriate choices of DAPT for the prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke. Key words: aspirin, cilostazol, clopidogrel, dipyridamole, dual antiplatelet therapy, ischemic stroke, ticagrelor, transient ischemic attack

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Published

2025-06-30