ความรู้ เจตคติ และการปฏิบัติของนิสิตพยาบาลไทยกับการเรียนพยาบาล ในช่วงการระบาดของโควิด-19: การศึกษาแบบผสมผสาน Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Nursing Students in Their Study during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Method Study

Authors

  • Wilaiwan Pathike Srinakharinwirot University
  • Khanitta Wisitcharoen
  • Wand Harmon

Abstract

บทคัดย่อ วัตถุประสงค์: เพื่ออธิบายความสัมพันธ์ของแนวคิดความรู้ เจตคติ และการปฏิบัติ (KAP) ในนิสิตพยาบาลระดับปริญญาตรีเกี่ยวกับการรับรู้และประสบการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นในช่วงการแพร่ระบาดของโควิด-19 วิธีการศึกษา: การศึกษาวิจัยแบบผสมผสาน รวบรวมข้อมูลในมหาวิทยาลัยแห่งหนึ่งของประเทศไทยในปี พ.ศ. 2564 โดยใช้แบบสอบถามออนไลน์ ในนิสิตพยาบาลระดับปริญญาตรี (n = 161) ซึ่งแบบสอบถามได้รับการพัฒนาผ่านการทบทวนวรรณกรรม วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยใช้ค่าสัมประสิทธิ์สหสัมพันธ์ของสเปียร์แมนหรือเพียร์สันระหว่างความรู้ (K) ทัศนคติ (A) และการปฏิบัติ (P) และลักษณะทางประชากรศาสตร์ สัมภาษณ์แบบกึ่งโครงสร้าง (n = 13) จนข้อมูลอิ่มตัว วิเคราะห์เนื้อหาแบบอุปนัยเพื่ออธิบายผลการศึกษาจากแบบสอบถาม ผลการศึกษา: ความรู้สัมพันธ์กับทัศนคติ (rSpearman = 0.234, P-value < 0.01) แต่ความรู้ (K) ไม่สัมพันธ์กับการปฏิบัติ ทัศนคติสัมพันธ์เชิงลบกับการปฏิบัติ (rPearson = -0.207, P-value < 0.01) อายุ (rSpearman = 0.201, P-value < 0.05) และชั้นปีที่ศึกษา สัมพันธ์กับความรู้ (rSpearman = 0.234, P-value < 0.01) ที่อยู่อาศัยสัมพันธ์ผกผันกับการปฏิบัติ (rPearson = -0.190, P-value < 0.05) ข้อมูลจากการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกพบ 4 หัวข้อสำคัญ ได้แก่ ไม่มีแหล่งที่เชื่อถือได้แหล่งเดียว (K) สถานการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นส่งผลกระทบทางลบต่อสุขภาพจิตของนิสิต และนิสิตต้องตระหนักรู้ (A) และนิสิตได้ปรับตัวให้เข้ากับการเปลี่ยนแปลงสู่วิธีการเรียนรู้ และการปฏิบัติแบบใหม่ (P) สรุป: ความรู้เรื่อง COVID-19 สัมพันธ์กับทัศนคติอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ แต่ไม่สัมพันธ์กับการปฏิบัติ ซึ่งอาจเป็นผลมาการเปลี่ยนจากสถานที่และการขึ้นฝึกปฏิบัติจริงในสถานพยาบาล เป็นการเรียนในแพลตฟอร์มออนไลน์อย่างกะทันหัน การสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกพบ 5 ประเด็นเพื่อพัฒนาปรับปรุงหรือเปลี่ยนแปลงการศึกษาของนิสิตพยาบาล คำสำคัญ: ความรู้, ทัศนคติ, การปฏิบัติ, นิสิตพยาบาลขั้นปริญญาตรี, โควิด-19, พยาบาลศึกษา ­­­­Abstract Objective: To describe an application of the correlation of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) concepts amidst the COVID-19 pandemic among undergraduate nursing students on how they perceived and experienced it. Methods: A mixed method design was used at a university in Thailand, in 2021. An online questionnaire survey among undergraduate nursing student (n = 161) was done. The questionnaire was developed through literature review. Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients were used as appropriate to test correlation among KAP and demographic characteristics. Semi-structured interview was done in 13 participants. Once the data saturated, inductive content-analysis was performed. Results: Knowledge was significantly, positively correlated with attitude (rSpearman = 0.234, P-value < 0.01) but not with practice. Attitude was significantly, negatively correlated with practice (rPearson = -0.207, P-value < 0.01). Age (rSpearman = 0.201, P-value < 0.05) and years of study (rSpearman = 0.234, P-value < 0.01) were significantly correlated with knowledge, whereas habitat was inversely correlated with practice (rPearson = -0.190, P-value < 0.05). The four categories namely no single trust source (K), negative impacts on the students’ mental health one must be aware of (A), adjustment to new ways of learning and doing (P) were revealed from interview data. Conclusions: Knowledge of COVID-19 during the provision of   nursing studies was significantly correlated with attitude, but not with practice. This could be because a sudden shift from onsite and clinical placement to online platform. Five transformed aspects of nursing studies amidst crisis includes new method to approach patient, safest practice guide, regularly updated course, varies online channels, and hybrid study. Keywords: knowledge, attitude, practice, undergraduate nursing-students, COVID-19, nursing studies

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Gunawan J, Aungsuroch Y, Marzilli C. New Normal in Covid-19 Era: A nursing perspective from Thailand. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020t;21(10): 1514–1515.

International Council of Nurses. Nursing education and the emerging nursing workforce in Covid-19 pandemic. 2021. (Accessed Jan. 10, 2022, at https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/files/2023-06/ICN%20Policy %20Brief_Nursing%20Education.pdf)

Ard N, Beasley SF, Nunn-Ellison K, Farmer S. Responding to the pandemic: Nursing education and the ACEN. Teach Learn Nurs 2021; 16(4):292-295.

Brandau M, Buchman S, Castrovillari M, Wood E. The uncertain impact of the pandemic on nursing and nursing education: Faculty and undergraduate student introspection. SSRG International J Nurs Health Sci 2021;7(1):12-14.

Kang J. Introduction to the special issue: Nursing education and research in the remote era. Asian Nurs Res 2021;15(5):327-328.

Kaliyaperumal I. Guideline for conducting a knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) study, Diabetic Retinop Proj 2004;4(1). (doi: https:// v2020eresource.org/content/files/guideline_kap_ Jan_ mar04.pdf)

Siddiquea BN, Shetty A, Bhattacharya O, Afroz A, Billah B. Global epidemiology of COVID-19 knowledge, attitude and practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2021;11(9):e051447. (doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051447)

Rahiman F, Chikte U, Hughes GD. Nursing students' knowledge, attitude and practices of infection prevention and control guidelines at a tertiary institution in the Western Cape: A cross sectional study. Nurs Educ Today 2018;69:20-25.

Gassas R. Sources of the knowledge-practice gap in nursing: Lessons from an integrative review. Nurse Educ Today 2021;106:105095. (doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.105095)

Ulenaers D, Grosemans J, Schrooten W, Bergs J. Clinical placement experience of nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Educ Today. 2021;99:104746. (doi :10.1016/j. nedt.2021.104746)

Velarde-Garcia JF, Cachon-Perez JM, Rodriguez-Garcia M, et al. The challenges of learning on the go: A qualitative study of final-year Spanish nursing students incorporated to work during the first Covid-19 pandemic. Nurs Educ Today 2021;103: 104942. (doi: 10.1016/ j.nedt.2021. 104942)

McKay MA, Pariseault CA, Whitehouse CR, Smith T, Ross JG. The experience of baccalaureate clinical nursing faculty transitioning to emergency remote clinical teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons for the future. Nurs Educ Today 2022;111:105309. (doi :10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105309)

Warshawski S. Academic self-efficacy, resilience and social support among first-year Israeli nursing students learning in online environments during COVID-19 pandemic. Nurs Educ Today 2022;110:105267. (doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105267)

Kunaviktikul W, Ang E, Baridwan NS, et al. Nursing students' and faculty members' experiences of online education during COVID-19 across Southeast Asia: A photovoice study. Nurs Educ Tday 2022;111:105307. (doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105307)

Suliman WA, Abu-Moghli FA, Khalaf I, Zumot AF, Nabolsi M. Experiences of nursing students under the unprecedented abrupt online learning format forced by the national curfew due to COVID-19: A qualitative research study. Nurs Educ Today 2021;100: 104829. (doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104829)

Shorey S, Ang E, Baridwan NS, et al. Salutogenesis and COVID-19 pandemic impacting nursing education across SEANERN affiliated universities: A multi-national study. Nurse Educ Today 2022;110: 105277. (doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105277)

Thailand Nursing and Midwifery Council. Licensing. 2021. (Accessed on Dec. 4, 2021, at https://www.tnmc.or.th/news/en/311) (in Thai)

World Health Organization. Global standards for the initial education of professional nurses and midwives. 2009. (Accessed Dec. 4, 2021, at https://applications.emro.who.int/dsaf/EMROPUB_2015_EN_1866.pdf)

Baker C, Cary AH, da Conceicao Bento M. Global standards for professional nursing education: The time is now. J Prof Nurs 2021; 37(1):86-92.

Gumucio S, Merica M, Luhmann N, et al. Data collection quantitative methods, the KAP survey model (knowledge, attitude & practices). IGC Communigraphie Saint Etienne France 2011. (doi: https://www.google.com/search?q=Gumucio+S.+Data+ collection+Quantitative+methods+The+KAP+survey+model.+Knowledge%2C+Attitude+%26+Practices.+2011&sca_esv=595292778&sxsrf=AM9HkKkKJsyiYZpN5tnM21EnTewrmT_FLg%3A1704266192270&ei=0AmVZaf4D5KaseMPzvCA4AM&udm=&ved=0ahUKEwinoPin1sCDAxUSTWwGHU44ADwQ4dUDCBA&uact=5&oq=Gumucio+S.+Data+collection+Quantitative+methods+The+KAP+survey+model.+Knowledge%2C+Attitude+%26+Practices.+2011&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAia0d1bXVjaW8gUy4gRGF0YSBjb2xsZWN0aW9uIFF1YW50aXRhdGl2ZSBtZXRob2RzIFRoZSBLQVAgc3VydmV5IG1vZGVsLiBLbm93bGVkZ2UsIEF0dGl0dWRlICYgUHJhY3RpY2VzLiAyMDExSABQAFgAcAB4AJABAJgBAKABAKoBALgBA8gBAPgBAvgBAeIDBBgAIEE&sclient=gws-wiz-serp)

Greene JC, Caracelli VJ, Graham WF. Toward a conceptual Framework for mixed-method evaluation designs. Educ Eval Policy Anal 1989; 11(3):255-274.

Zheng M. Conceptualization of cross-sectional mixed methods studies in health science: A methodological review. Int J Quantit Qualit Res Methods 2015;3:3(2):66-87.

Ivankova NV, Creswell JW, Stick SL. Using mixed-methods sequential explanatory design: From theory to practice. Field Methods 2006;18(1):3-20.

Fricker RD. Sampling methods for online surveys. The SAGE handbook of online research methods. SAGE, 2016: pp.162-183.

Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health. Corona virus (Covid-19). 2020. (Accessed on Dec. 4, 2021, at https://ddc.moph. go.th/viralpneumonia/index.php) (in Thai)

Levitt HM, Bamberg M, Creswell JW, Frost DM, Jossewell R, Suarez-Orozco C. Journal article reporting standards for qualitative primary, qualitative meta-analysis, and mixed methods research in psychology: The APA Publications and Communication Board Task Force report. Am Psychol 2018;73(1):26-46.

Kim H-Y. Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restor Dent Endodont 2013;38(1):52-54.

Santangelo OE, Provenzano S, Armetta F, et al. Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 among nursing students of the University of Palermo: results from an online survey. J Prev Med Hyg 2021;62(2):e270-e276. (doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.2.1703)

Yeunyow T, Promwong W, Kadsanit K. Knowledge, attitude and prevention behaviour of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection among nursing students in Boromarajonani college of nursing, the north eastern region network. Udonthani Hosp Med J 2021;29(2):204-213. (in Thai)

UNICEF. Social stigma associated with COVID-19. 2019. (Accessed on Apr. 5, 2020, at https://www.unicef.org/media/65931/file/Social%20 stigma%20associated%20with%20the%20coronavirus%20disease%202019%20(COVID-19).pdf)

Zhou H, Zhao R, Yang Y. A qualitative study on knowledge, attitude, and practice of nursing students in the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic and inspiration for nursing education in mainland China. Front Public Health 2022;10:845588. (doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.845588)

Provenzano S, Santangelo OE, Armetta F, et al. COVID-19 infection: comparing the knowledge, attitude and practices in a sample of nursing students. Acta Biomed 2020;91(12-s):e2020001. (doi: 10.23750/abm. v91i12-S.10252)

Koffman J, Gross J, Etkind SN, Selman L. Uncertainty and COVID-19: How are we to respond? J Royal Soc Med 2020;113(6):211-216.

Lovric R, Farcic N, Miksic S, Vcev A. Studying during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative inductive content analysis of nursing students’ perceptions and experiences. Educ Sci 2020;10(7):188. (doi: 10.3390/ educsci10070188)

Maude RR, Jongdeepaisal M, Skuntaniyom S, et al. Improving knowledge, attitudes and practice to prevent COVID-19 transmission in healthcare workers and the public in Thailand. BMC Public Health 2021;21(1):1-14. (doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10768-y)

Aldridge MD, McQuagge E. Finding my own way: The lived experience of undergraduate nursing students learning psychomotor skills during COVID-19. Teach Learn Nurs 2021;16(4):347-351. (doi: 10.1016/j.teln. 2021.07.002)

Oducado RM, Estoque H. Online learning in nursing education during the covid-19 pandemic: Stress, satisfaction, and academic performance. J Nurs Pract 2021;4(2):143-153.

Olum R, Atulinda L, Kigozi E, et al. Medical education and e-learning during covid-19 pandemic: Awareness, attitudes, preferences, and barriers among undergraduate medicine and nursing students at Makerere University, Uganda. J Med Educ Curric Dev 2020;7: 2382120520973212. (doi: 10.1177/2382120520973212)

Thojampa S, Klankhajhon S. Editorials: Nursing education during Covid-19 pandemic. Jurnal Ners 2020;15(1). (doi: https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/ JNERS/issue/view/1266)

Negi L, Parel JT. COVID 19 and nursing education in India: a paradigm shift from conventional to online. Asian J Res Nurs Health 2020:3(3):388-43.

Oducado RM. New normal in nursing education: Sophomore students' expectations of and readiness for online learning in the era of COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Caring Sc 2021;14(2):1170-1177.

Oducado RM, Soriano GP. Shifting the education paradigm amid the covid-19 pandemic: Nursing students' attitude to e-learning. Afr J Nurs Midwife 2021;23(1):1-14.

Downloads

Published

2023-12-31