ยากันชักฟิไนตอยเหนี่ยวนำให้เกิดกลุ่มอาการสตีเวนส์-จอห์นสัน Phenytoin-induced Steven-Johnson Syndrome

Abstract

ABSTRACTStevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare but serious allergic skinreaction with a characteristic rash involving the skin and mucousmembranes, including buccal mucosa, conjunctiva, anus and genital areas.SJS is usually caused by drugs such as sulfonamides, penicillins,naproxen, allopurinol, phenytoin, etc. The condition can sometimes beattributable to SLE, HIV, leukemia, infections, etc., and in some cases, noknown cause. SJS often begins with non-specific symptoms includingfever, cough, sore throat, headache, joint pain and body ache. Follows arered rashes spreading across the face and the body trunk, which can spreadto other parts of the body. The mucous membranes become inflamed andpainful. The skin often peels away in sheets. High amount of fluid andelectrolytes can seep from the damaged areas. A person who has SJS isvery susceptible to infections at the sites of damaged tissues which are thecommon cause of death. A patient case study of SJS after receivingphenytoin for epilepsy is discussed in detail. The SJS reaction probabilityevaluated by the Naranjo’s algorithm was considered “probable” regardingphenytoin exposure.Keywords: phenytoin, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, case report