NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS IN MALAYSIA ART SONG COMPOSITION: EXPLORING REPERTOIRE I, IV, ii, AND vii

Abstract

This paper explores the intersection of environmental observation and compositional structure through the lens of melodic numerical calculation, demonstrated in the art song cycle I, IV, ii, and vii. Inspired by birdsong as a natural source of rhythm and pattern, the study employs recorded avian calls, analysing the frequency of chirps to extract quantitative data. These numerical values inform key musical parameters such as phrase length, harmonic progression, rhythmic structure, and melodic development.  By translating the organic irregularities of birdsong into a calculated compositional framework, the works embody a dialogue between chance and control, nature and design. For example, in I, a single chirp frequency dictates one phrase, one chord (C major), and one melodic note within the first bar—illustrating the precise embodiment of the source data within the musical material. This approach generates a sonic narrative that resists conventional melodic expectations, offering a soundscape derived from the delicate balance of environmental inspiration and numerical discipline instead.  The paper contributes to broader discourses on the integration of natural soundscapes into contemporary composition practice, while enriching the emerging body of Malaysian art song repertoire through alternative compositional strategies.