The most common pharmacological effect of Orthosiphon stamineus predominantly mentioned is a diuretic effect via adenosine receptor leading to the contraction of urinary bladder muscle and relaxation of urethral muscle. Evidence show its safe application in some diseases (1) hypertension; decrease blood pressure and vasoconstriction (2) urinary tract infection; antiinflammatory analgesia antipyretics and antiadhesive activity against uropathognic Escherichiacoli to uroepithelial tissue (3) diabetic mellitus; decrease blood glucose due to the α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition, and decrease glucotoxicity (4) urolithiasis; increase uric acid excretion, decrease the risk of uric stone formation and kidney injury from calcium oxalate (5) cancer; cytotoxic to many cancer cells and decrease angiogenesis to cancer mass (6) urethral constriction; relaxation of urethral smooth muscle to facilitate urination. Evidence supports the use of Orthosiphon stamineus for diuretic effect and safety for other diseases. That was the reason that traditional medicine mentioned about the application for other diseases. It is worth to consume medicinal plants grown and manufactured in Thailand.
